Tuesday, 6 November 2012

Artificial Neural Networks

It is a mathematical model or computational model that is inspired by the structure and functional aspects of biological neural networks. It consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons and processes information using a connectionist approach for computation.
    The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) working in union to solve specific problems. ANNs, like people, learn by example. An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data classification, through a learning process. Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic connections that exist between the neurons.

  The motivation for artificial neural network(ANN) research is the belief that a human capabilities particularly in real time visual perception, speech understanding and sensory information processing and in adaptivity as well as intelligent decision making in general, come from organisational and computational principles exhibited in the highly complex neural network of the brain. Neural networks, with their remarkable ability to derive meaning from complicated or imprecise data, can be used to extract patterns and detect trends that are too complex to be noticed by either humans or other computer techniques.
   A trained neural network can be thought of as an "expert" in the category of information it has been given to analyse. This expert can then be used to provide projections given new situations of interest and answer "what if" questions.

Other advantages include:

Adaptive learning: An ability to learn how to do tasks based on the data given for training or initial experience.

Self-Organisation: An ANN can create its own organisation or representation of the information it receives during learning time.

Real Time Operation: ANN computations may be carried out in parallel, and special hardware devices are being designed and manufactured which take advantage of this capability.

Fault Tolerance via Redundant Information Coding:  Partial destruction of a network leads to the corresponding degradation.

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